UNION BUDGET 2015-16 My Take

Hi,

Its been a long time that i have actually visited my own blog and tried to type.

on 28th February we had an amazing session at our college. We had organized a budget viewing session on the large screen at our college auditorium, this was followed by a few remarks by experts on finance, economy, agri-horticulture and taxation.

The highlight of the programme was the presence of Shri. Athani Veeranna, the Chairman of our Institute, who is a leading chartered accountant and an acknowledged expert in taxation matters. He was his usual self in being highly meticulous in pointing out the pertinent facts in the budget and then giving his views on the budget proposals.

Prof B Veerbhadrappa, an economist, Economics Professor and the finance officer of Davangere University who sat through the entire proceedings. He gave a fabulous overview on management of the economy and spoke about the balancing act of the finance minister.

Mr. Basavanagouda, the coordinator of the Tarala Balu Krishi Kendra also did a great job of providing insights into the budget proposals for the agriculture sector. He analysed the proposals with respect to the wish list of the progressive agriculturists.

Then it was my turn to voice my opinion on the budget proposals. A lot has been said about the budget in the last three days but my opinion is my opinion and as always i beg to differ a little from the tread path. So here it goes....

JAM- the Jan Dhan - Aadhar - Mobile troika will necessarily plug the leakages in the subsidy system (a glimpse of the fallout of the troika was evident when the brother of the PM participated in demonstrations)

62% of the tax collections are to be devolved to the states and this is being projected as the spirit of true federalism. I see it in a different light. The center wants to put the onus of providing subsidies on the states so that there can be separate policies for separate states.

one of the visions of the government enunciated was of providing 100% housing by 2022. This is a laudable decision. Industries in cement, steel, housing finance, power and infrastructure can look forward to large opportunities. In fact, the next two decades will belong to the infrastructure industry.

An announcement of setting up an unified Agricultural market has been made, if this becomes a reality, then commission agents in APMCs will have to look for better business opportunities or remodel themselves to be a part of this new arrangement. Anyhow this will change the game for ever in the Agricultural produce markets.

MUDRA (Micro Units Development Refinance Agency) is being setup with a Rs 3000 cr. initial investment, this should pave way for credit availability to small, tiny and micro industries and free them from the clutches of private money lenders. The unorganised market of money lenders charges usurious interest rates and it has become the bane of the businesses at the proverbial bottom of the pyramid.

A bankruptcy code is envisaged to help faster start-ups and faster winding-up of companies. Along with ease of doing business, ease of closing business is also of vital importance so that resources are not wasted on trying to make unprofitable business to survive. This is a welcome move.

A vital point is that NBFC with more than 500cr capital will be treated as financial institutions under the SARFAESI Act. this would prevent the goonda raj prevailing in the private financing of commercial vehicles and tractors.

The Finance minister has promised a universal social security system, I am now feeling that we are truly moving forward to become a developed country. The Atal pension scheme is the right step in this direction.

"Sabka Saath and Sabka Vikas" has also brought in "Nayee Manzil" to appease the minorities with less formal education to start micro enterprises. (if the same was done for all communities then it would have been real sabka saath and sabka vikas). Here the government seems to be wooing the minority just the same way as the earlier governments.

A Rs. 25000 cr Rural infrastructure Development Fund has been announced, good days are here for gram panchayats and taluk panchayats. Hope the money finds its way to real infrastructure.

Apart from the RIDF another Rs. 70000 cr has been announced as investment in infrastructure, supporting my take that this is going to be a decade of infrastructure.

Much needed boost has been provided to the power sector by announcing a policy of plug and play power projects, Ports to be converted to companies (did somebody say Adani?) a start-up fund of Rs. 1000 cr for IT start-ups.

Financial Markets have found a new measures by the merger of SEBI and FMC. A welcome move, for that matter too many regulators spoil the broth, so minimum government is essential for maximum governance. Measures to develop and deepen the bond markets, introduction of Indian Gold coins and authority to FEMA to control equity investments will pave way for better administration, development of markets, freedom from gold imports and a sovereign gold bond to take care of the craze for gold investments.

The central theme of the budgetary proposals seems to be a road map for establishing a cashless society. Ease of doing business has been addressed again in bringing about a public contracts resolution bill ans a regulatory law for infrastructure.

Education seems to be loaded with skill development and not with mind development. A Student Financial Aid Authority to take care of financing the students of higher education is a welcome move but what is needed is "NATIONALIZATION OF EDUCATION" if Modi is being hailed as a Thatcher of India then it is imperative that the BJP with its majority pushes for Nationalization of education. only such a move will be able to provide education to all the classes of people. Germany is a very good example of what nationalized education can do to the country.

A Bank board to be setup and then this is expected to grow in to a bank holdings company. A Sovereign holding company to hold all governments investments, to be managed professionally is the right direction to take. Hope this too happens in the near future.

Finally a commercial division in the courts has been announced, this will pave way faster resolution of business conflicts and lead to better environment for conducting ones business.

I would not like to dwell on the tax proposals, As it is said that Taxes and Death are a certainty and they are not avoidable. Both cannot be moderate, thus less spoken of them the better.

All in all a budget that creates hopes, promises more than it delivers and seeks to flush out black money by making life difficult for offenders. this budget can be called high on hopes and low on real, ground level issues. let's hope that whatever is promised is delivered, as that is all that we can do for the next four years.

Budget 2012-13

This year's budget has four points which have caused anxiety.

1. Raising Service tax to 12% and creating a negative list of services. This act of the finance minister has put a plethora of services in the ambit of service tax. Indirect taxation in itself is a very demotivating tax for entrepreneurs. "Value Added Tax" or excise duty are taxes for adding value to the raw material so that the ultimate user of the goods pays for the labour spent on these raw materials. Service tax is also in the same legion, the ultimate consumer of service has to pay tax on the services consumed. The logic being, our government is not able to tax individuals and firms directly, effectively and therefore they would like to recover taxes from them through this roundabout means. The logic may be correct but it is flawed when you calculate the yield.

Imagine a large industrialist who has more than 50% stake in his public limited company, he obviously falls in the 30% + Surcharge category tax slab. If his company has lets assume a payout of Rs. 1 billion as dividend then more than 50% of that money would come straight to the promoter's pocket and that too tax free!

So our friend promoter now file income tax returns claiming tax free income of more than Rs. 500 million and may be a salary of around 20 million rupees. if he pays 33% tax on the 20 million rupees his tax outgo would be 6.66 million rupees and that would be an effective tax rate of 1.2%. what is the amount of money he would be spending on services to pay a service tax is another question. if he spends around 5% of his residual income on services he would be paying a service tax of approximately Rs. 2.5 million. Compare this with the tax he would be paying if dividends were taxed. If dividends were taxed then the tax that this person would be paying would be 30% of Rs. 520 million amounting to Rs. 156 million.

The excuse put forth for not taxing dividend at the hands of the tax payer is that it is very difficult to implement. All we need is to implement it with the big fish and let the small fry go away. A cursory look at the share holding pattern of large companies in India shows that the most of the companies have promoters stakes above 30%. retail investors account for around 5% of the investors in these companies. therefore it is easier to locate the shareholders and demand dividend tax from them in fact with compulsory demat accounts it is still easier for tax collection. Dividend can also be taxed at source like any other TDS and the companies can be asked to deposit the TDS on dividends. That way it would be the most easiest tax to collect. In times of inclusive growth it is blasphemy to let go large industrialists with small effective tax rates.

So instead of taxing people on the services they avail, it would have made great sense to tax dividends and the government could have mopped up more tax from this exercise.

2. Amending tax laws to levy capital gains tax on transactions outside India, when the assets are in India with retrospective effect from 1962 is a RETROGRADE STEP. Any amendment in tax laws should be for the forthcoming year so that the businesses and the people at large take this as a cue and engage in activities knowing fully well about what part of their earnings need to be share with the government. If the government is going to pull out historical deals and ask for a share in the profits earned in earlier periods, this means that the government is going to wait until you make profits and then lay its claim on its share after the game is over. That's not GAME Mr. Finance Minister! Any tax law which proposes to tax income in future is welcome but not past income. Past is Past Pranabda, please make the rules of the game before the game starts, Indian government is known for changing rules of the game midway, but changing the rules after the game is over is obnoxious and not palatable.

3. Fiscal deficit seen at 5.1%. Should we say this is realistic or should we assume that our FM will be off target by 2% like all other FMs in the past. If he is off target by 2% then it would mean a Fiscal deficit of 7% and that would be catastrophic. If he is realistic,  then what happened to the target of 3% fiscal deficit announced in the previous years? Why can't the government cut costs? stop spending on freebies and concentrate on good governance and prudent financial administration? Are coalition pressures stopping the finance minister from taking bold measures like restructuring the tax rates to increase effective taxation rates of wealthy people and reduce the taxation rates of the the lower and middle income groups? World over there is a growing consensus amongst the rich that they are ready to share their wealth but that is not to be seen in India, why? This approach of floundering on the policy front and squandering the fruits of growth in the last decade will slowly and surely take the country to a 1991 like crisis.



Car Sales for the year 2011-12. Source http://www.team-bhp.com/



4. Increase in excise duty on large cars. Whom are you kidding Mr. FM? Even if you consider all cars of C1, C2, D1, D2 and Premium Category as large cars, the number would be @ 720,000 cars per year, an increase of Rs. 50,000 per car amounts to Rs. 36,000,000,000 that is Rs. 3600 cr. I think that's too much ado about nothing. One more tokenism.

Let's talk about the Rajiv Gandhi Equity Savings Scheme. As a stock market practitioner I still have no clue as to how am I going to tell aam aadmi that he should open a demat account and invest Rs. 50,000 in equities locked in for three years and then he would get an income tax benefit. Seems a far fetched idea! Anyway thats our FM for you. 

As far as the markets are concerned, FII liquidity is still chasing Indian equities, since they do not have any other assets elsewhere worth investing. Around 10 bn dollars have already reached the shores of India in this calendar year and these dollars are giving me the jitters that they may fly back the way they came in, SWIFTLY...

Hoping that the FIIs do not find a better place for investment, our markets will surely go up slowly. technically speaking, the 50DMA has crossed over the 200DMA after nearly a year and a half and has given a good bullish signal. I only pray God that these things will keep the market moving northwards despite the wrong economics.

Have a nice Day

Economy is fine says the Economic Advisor.. As usual I beg to disagree..

The Economic advisor to the prime minister says the economy is doing fine and we can expect a growth rate of 8.5% this year. Good News.

As always I am a naysayer and my only grouse is that we have inflation running at an average of 10% for the last four quarters and with nominal interest rates lower than the inflation rates we have already run into negative real interest rate territory for the last three quarters. This does not bode well for the foreign exchange rate front. As long as the real interest rate remains negative, Rupee will keep being under stress, new symbol not withstanding. May be, this is good for the software companies and other export led businesses, but since we are an oil importing economy with a trade deficit of close to a billion dollars and heavy reliance on "invisibles" to Balance our BOP, we need more to be done on the trade deficit side.

All through the blog you will find mention of this inflation in India being more due to non availability of supply than the over supply of money. Managing this inflation by using monetary policy is like managing hypertension by asking the heart to pump less blood rather than by exercising more. Ask any doctor for a remedy he will certainly say that your body needs exercise to counter high BP and not drugs to slow your heart down. But our regulators are not "doctors" they have their monetary policy blinkers on all the time.

what next? INR (sorry I still do not have the font to write the symbol of the Rupee) will weaken to offset for the negative real interest rate for another six months and then if we see some inflation management (monetary or otherwise) we may see a stop to the rupee losing value.

This, along with the money due to be pulled out from emerging markets, thanks to the new act signed by Obama will lead to depressed markets for the next six months. a recovery for the markets is seen only later.

A review of the economy is expected on the 26th evening. The shape of things to come will be decided later. But, since it is an RBI event and therefore a monetary event, it may not give any medicine for the disease of low investment and low supply kind of situation we are in.

Till then short a few August futures and make money.

India Budget 2009

If there can be a perfect example for a damp squib, this is it! my earlier post I had opened a discussion on the role of media in creating a hype about the union budget and had also mentioned what can be realistic expectation of the new regime.

I was spot-on, in saying that no fireworks could be expected.

Now let see some of the important budget provisions and find out what they mean for you, me and the financial markets.

1. India Infrastructure Finance Corporation Limited (IIFCL) has been granted flexibility in raising finances and lending to infrastructure projects, meaning that it has been left to fend for itself.

2. The allocation for NHAI has been increased by 23%. Good move this would help in the development of national highways.

3. Farmers, the darlings of the politicians (that's not because they are voters but because most of the parliamentarians and politicians are farmers themselves!) have been offered an interest subvention @ 7% and a 1% subsidy for prompt payment (this means the effective borrowing rate fr farmers is 6% and they are not required to pay income tax too). It pays to be a farmer in India.

4. The Market development assistance for exporters in the form of interest subvention on pre-shipment credit extended up to 31st March 2010. Our finance ministry expects the global crisis to blow over by then and then we will be charging the same interest rate for our exporters as other manufacturers.

5. SARAL-2 will be introduced this year. Have you ever heard of a simplified simple tax form. here it is!

6. NREGA the wonder child of Congress (How come the name does not start with Nehru-Gandhi name?) has been allocated Rs.39100 crores (Rs. 391,000,000,000) this year. Lets do a small analysis. NREGA guarantees 100 days of gainful employment for one individual in every household in rural areas and pays Rs. 100 per day per head. This amounts to wages of Rs. 10000 per household for a year. So if Rs.391 billion have to be spent then this money is expected to cater to 39.1 million households, out of approx 197 million households as per the official census of 2001. The corollary of this is that 20% of our population is in abject poverty and is not capable of raising Rs.10000 per household in rural areas. If this is true then Shame on us. If this is not true then, there seems to be a problem with the way our government works.

7. A national mission on women's literacy is being set up and it will help in reducing illiteracy amongst women in the next three years. WOW a commendable job.

8. Students who take loans for education will enjoy a moratorium on interest payments till they finish their course. That is a great thing and it will go a long way in helping poor students to educate themselves.

9. A public Private Partnership is being envisaged in managing the good old employment exchange. That is a great idea, all you private placement consultants and naukri.com better watch out big brother has just entered the fray and he will gobble you up.

10. The Unique Identity Number project has been allotted Rs. 1.2 billion to start its operations. That will kick start the operations but we need more money to count the number of people in this country and provide smart cards for each of them.

11. GROSS FISCAL DEFICIT is expected to be 6.8% of GDP and the Gross State Domestic Product limit has been raised to 4%. Mr. Finance Minister Sir, your targeted Fiscal deficit was 3% and you went on to stretch it to 6.8%. How can you expect your counterparts in the State Governments who take pride in profligacy to contain themselves to 4%?

12. Direct Taxes: Individual Income tax slab at the lowest level has been raised by Rs.10000 for male individuals and women. The lowest slab for senior citizens has been raised to Rs. 240,000, a raise of Rs. 15,000. For the HNIs the surcharge of 10% is abolished. Here the people in the middle tax bracket seem to have got the wrong end of the stick.

13. Fringe Benefit Tax has been abolished. Now your company will allow you to go on tour and spend money and not worry about paying FBT on part of the amount you spent on that junket.

14. Commodities Transaction Tax is abolished. I don't know what to say. the government keeps banning commodities trading whenever it sees a flare-up in commodities prices. So the right question would be which commodity is being allowed to trade right now to understand the impact of abolishing CTT. Any way removing CTT will help commodity exchanges and help stock brokers to start commodity terminals as a hedge against the failing fortunes in the stock broking industry.

15. Minimum Alternative Tax: the MAT under which corporate growth has been swept under by the previous finance minister has just got bigger. MAT has been increased to 15%. There is no incentive for tax management using the growth=depreciation route now. THE SINGLE LARGEST REASON FOR THE STOCK MARKETS TO REACT THE WAY THEY DID IN RESPONSE TO THE BUDGET.

16. Thankfully there have been no major changes in indirect taxes.

17. GST to be operational from 1st April 2010. Good move. GST to be bifurcated to central GST and State GST. BAD MOVE. This means we are going back to the good old days when we had central sales tax and state sales tax. so in Karnataka instead of CST and KST we will have CGST and KGST. (How to share the spoils of the tax revenue amongst the centre and the state could have been kept in wraps and a common GST would have been better)


That's about it. As far as disinvestment is concerned, no specific announcement was made.

Moral of the story: More the things change, more they remain the same. The 1991 wave of reforms was not of Congress manufacturing, but out of compulsion of the IMF. Now that the economy is strong enough to withstand the perils of global financial meltdown we can do it our way, the NEHRUVIAN WAY. In fact, at one time the Finance Minister was singing paeans to Mrs. Indira Gandhi, for having the grand vision of financial crisis 40 years back and resorting to nationalisation of banks.

WOW I am very happy that we had such visionary leaders who could predict turmoils four decades ahead. Our FM needs to read a little of modern economics and find out that this financial crisis happened to US because the Glass Steagall Act was repealed in 1999. There was no way how our Prime Minister could envision that this would happen in 1979.

Now for the markets, the immediate support for the markets is 3800 on the NIFTY. Nifty has to fill the gap it created on that euphoric morning after the budget first. Then lets see if a plunge protection team is formed and whether it works else we will see the October 2008 bottoms again.

Will the FM deliver?

If you happen to watch the business channels these days, all of them want to sensationalise and make news of something there is no news about. these news channels survive on sensationalising the banal. That's exactly the thing they are doing with the upcoming budget. they have already labeled it as the "Big B" (The original Big B must be squirming at the thought of this unlikely and banal competition).

What can be reasonably expected by the budget?

1. Income tax slabs will be raised to make way for the 6th pay commission. may be the lowest slab will be up from Rs.150000 to 200000.

2. A broad and vague statement about GST to be introduced will be spoken of with a deadline of three to four years so that the listeners will feel good about some progress in the administration and the practitioners will also feel good that it is not coming soon yet.

3. A proposal for disinvestment to bridge the gap in the fiscal deficit will also be talked of and an arrangement of selling equity in PSUs to other PSUs will be taken up to satiate the views of people hankering for fiscal prudence. Whether it is fiscal prudence to disinvest by transferring the money from one pocket of the government to the other pocket is a debatable point.

4. The recent success of farm loan waiver in the electoral hustings is bound to cast its shadow (or should I call it lustre) on the budget and there will be a constituency which would hanker for more of the same. This constituency will surely be catered to, and an announcement in some form or the other can be expected out of this budget too.

5. NREGS will also become a mainstream project of the government, given the keen interest of the family in the project. An announcement of extension and raised "deficit funded" programme can be expected on this subject.

6. Securities Transaction Tax, the slow poison affecting the stock markets and the Commodities Transaction Tax the poor cousin of the STT will remain the same and no reprieve on these items can be expected.

7. Some superficial and cosmetic changes can be expected in the indirect taxes system to make it look market friendly. Here the phrase "look market friendly" is important.

8. Education seems to be the new frontier where the government will show its keen interest. especially Higher education, rightly so when we have a former UGC chairman as the Head of the cabinet. More central universities, IITs, NITs, can be expected to be announced in this budget. We can also expect at least 5 universities to get a substantial largess to augment their resources.

9. Defence expenditure would go up by 20%, this has become an annual feature now with the prevailing Geo-political situation.

10. Setting up of a new force of the type of NSG/RAF may be announced to combat internal insurgents.

11. Some politicians are vying for a special status for the Hyderabad-Karnataka region, Bihar, etc., these may see the light of the day and some package can be expected for Hyderabad-Karnataka region and Bihar in an attempt to woo non-congress voters there.

On the topic of special status, one thought crosses the mind, Article 370 gives a special status to J&K and politicians from congress have been talking about a similar status to Telangana, Goa north-east, etc. Does this mean that we are heading towards a decentralised system of governance? Are we heading towards a federal system with a weak centre and strong regional states? only time will tell.

So, if this is reasonably expected of the budget in general, one has to stop and think whether it is really the "BIG B " as our media wants us to believe. I remember economic times portraying a caricature of honourable Shri. P Chidambaram as the superman during the 1997 budget. Ten years ago it was for the print media to raise the hype, now its the turn of the electronic media to do the same. The reach and impact of electronic media is deeper and broader. If the media starts encouraging false hopes and sensationalising no news as BIG NEWS then the nation will be in for a big surprise. It seems that the present electronic media has taken upon itself the mantle of changing the opinions in the country. This type of sensationalism in the electronic media and instant justice meted out to people via the media will not get them anywhere. People are bound to realise sooner or later that the "BIG B" is also same as the case of "prince stuck in the bore well" or "A man who prophesied his death" or "leopard in somebody's house" or "injured tigress on the road". All these media stories took up nearly 48 hours of national TV space at one time or the other leaving aside grave issues like hoisting of the Pakistan flag at Srinagar.

Any way This budget as I see it is going to be a non-event and I pray that I will be proved wrong. Over to Honourable Shri Pranab Mukherjee to to the Honours.

INTERIM... INDIA

We are living history. This must be the only time in the history of India when we have a minister who is PM, FM and External Affairs Minister-all-rolled-into-one. Of course there is supervision by an extra constitutional authority against whom no one in India has the guts to talk. Are we a democracy? are we not a banana republic? are we not a dictatorship? we need to answer these questions as fast as possible if we have to find some semblance of sanity in our country.

Look at the irony of the country, we have a home minister who gives a statement on finance everyday. We have a part time finance minister presenting an interim budget. It cant get any more interim here!

The icing on the cake is the hopes built up by our gullible investors that an part-time finance minister with a mandate to present the interim budget will declare a stimulus package. How can you expect this to happen? The part time finance minister has his hands full in the external affairs ministry as he has to deal with the unprecedented diplomatic offensives from our neighbouring countries.

The election commission was expected to save face by showing readiness to conduct polls as and when the parliament is dissolved or at the end of the term. But internecine rivalry and party politics has also crept into the only non-partisan institution in the country.

The interim budget was, as expected a vote on account to help the government to spend money in the next four months from April 2009 to July 2009 so that the affairs of the state can be carried out smoothly. Expecting too much from this exercise was a wrong thing. As I had written earlier the stock markets would be meandering for a while until the elections. This is the time when the markets will probably bottom out. We can expect the indices to test the October 2008 lows in the meanwhile. The fourth quarter results, annual results and the results of the general elections will help the pessimistic sentiment further.

As far as the expectations of the results of the general elections go, I believe that we will see a completely fractured mandate and we would have a government which would bring in strange partners together and a coalition of opposite ideologies would be in power in for the next eighteen months at least. This period of "interim government" is going to continue for another 18 months now. Unless growth slows down to the "Hindu growth rate" or India heads towards a recession don't expect fireworks in the political arena nor the economic arena. Babus will continue to run the show and ensure that we slip into inactive mode.